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研究生英语综合教程(一)练习答案

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研究生英语综合教程(一)练习答案Unit1TextATax Competition Spurs Globalization
1. Reading comprehension (1) The economic forces behind globalization include rising trade and investment flows, greater labor mobility, and rapid transfers of technology. Those trends have been stimulated by the deregulation of financial markets, reductions in trade barriers, and lower communication costs.
(2) Most economists support globalization because it raises the incomes of people worldwide. Another lesser0noticed benefit is that it makes it harder for governments to sustain excessively high tax rates. When economic integration increases, individuals and businesses gain the to take advantage of low tax rates abroad.
(3) It shows that some smart nations like Ireland are treating international tax competition as an opportunity, notathreat.
(4) First, high0tax countries have urged international organizations to reduce tax competition. Second, many nations are adding layers of complex rules on businesses to discourage them from investing abroad, rather than reducing tax burdens so that businesses want to invest at home.
(5) Because there are more opportunities and lower taxes in cities such as London.
(6) The author cites the case of Ireland to show that with the reduction of taxes,alarge number of immigrants are attracted, and people at home are unwilling to migrate out. The lower one countrys tax is, the more skilled people are attracted.
(7) Because market competition encourages production efficiency. Tax competition provides an incentive to improve government efficiency. For example, the Federal government is no now are able to invest abroad, retire inalow0tax Caribbean country, or move their business to low0tax Ireland. Accordingly, the Federal government needs to reform the tax code and provide services more efficiently to encourage Americans and their money to stay at home.
(8) Tax competition among countries should beawin0win policy, as it restrains governments and helps spur global economic growth.
2. Vocabulary
3. Paraphrase (1) Until now, basic economic forces have been greater in importance than political efforts to make this trend slow.
(2) Efforts to oppose the effects of economic integration have extended from protests to Congressional efforts to prevent American companies from forming new corporations in foreign countries.
(3) The U.S. is able to be divided into this group because it has one of the highest corporate tax rates.
(4) International investors have been affected easily by changes and differences between national tax rates when their investment choices have increased.
(5) For many years, young Irish people went to America and other foreign countries, and tried to findaway to liveabetter life. But after Ireland reduced individual tax and then quickly cut corporate tax, the pattern of out0migration was changed around completely.
(6) If the U.S. makes progress in tax reform, other nations would probably reform their taxes in the same way, as they did when the U.S. reduced rates in the 1980s.
5. Translation A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
由于殖民地与许多海外地区的大量贸易,所有欧洲重要商业国以及它们在西半球领地的金银铸币在北美东海岸都可以自由交换.由于法律不允许英国货币从英国流向殖民地,相比之下,西班牙的货币更加重要.这些货币在墨西哥城及利马铸造,再进入西班牙殖民地.西班牙币在殖民地被普遍使用,以至于这种硬币最后成为美国货币单位.
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) With the growing of this towns economy, people intend to nursing home for the needs of the local elderly.
(2) Because of the recessionary effect on the economy, many small businesses have gone bankrupt or have been swallowed up by giant corporations.
(3) The facts relative to the case have been surveyed clearly, and the court has still to pass judgment on it.
(4) He didnt marry her, because he felt that although pity was closely akin to love, they were still different. He was eager to marry for love, not pity.
(5) Your advice wasagreat help to me, soasmall expression of my gratitude is in place.
TextBMeasuring to the Talks Collapse: Rejoice, Rejoice!
(1) This sentence reveals that the author didnt feel disappointed about the collapse of the conference. Instead, he thought it wasagood thing in the long run.Asimilar attitude is also embedded in sentences like climate talks collapse: rejoice, rejoice, And then, thank God, it all collapsed. and we are better off withaclean slate thanaweak precedent.
(2) First, the targets decided on the conference are too measly, more than ten times less than we need to stabilize the problem. Even if the conference had beenasuccess, the crisis would still not be able to be diverted. Second, once the agreement had been made, politicians would stop wasting their time on climate problems for some time, giving the publicafalse impression that something was being done. Whats more, some developed countries would frequently use flexible mechanisms to delude. So the author thought the collapse was for the best.
(3) According to the text, the real solution to the climate crisis is to adapt economics. For example, unnecessary dependence on the global economy should be shifted towards dependence on the local economy, and infrastructure should be established to free us from dependence on fossil fuels, and wind power should be better exploited to avoid more pollution.
(4) The author thought this claim was ridiculous. He thought if we did not take action, the cost would be much more. So, according to him, it was worthwhile for us to take action to combat climate crisis compared with the loss caused by natural disasters.
(5) The author considered this asawaste, because the chance for the occurrence of an attack fromanuclear state is slim. To waste money on something unlikely to happen is automatically unwise. He thought it would be better to spend the same sum on the prevention of the deterioration of climate, which hasagreater possibility to happen.
(1) splashed(2) comply(3) offset(4) concessions(5) pledged(6) prohibitive(7) undermined(9) deluded(10) tumbled(1) After many years of warning from people who are concerned about the protection of environment, groups of influential people in science and politics in most countries had finally began to realize and understand.
(2) The analysis of the IPCC scientists was repeated byanumber of other scientific groups, and even by the British and American government.
(3) Actually, we might be wiser to keepaclean record thanaweak climate agreement made earlier. In another words, we might be wiser not to have any if we can only agreement which is not so binding.
(4) Without changing our economics, we will just be saving the separate leaves onadying tree. That is to say, without changing our economics, the action taken by us will be just superficial, not enough to divert the worsening situation.
(5) Our government, similar to its predecessors, sticks to the belief that increased global trade is naturally beneficial.
(6) This has not only weakened the local economies gradually, but has also led to the situation where each mouthful of food involves the consumption of gallons of fuel.
(7) Surprisingly, some people still declare that climate change is something imaginary and impossible-and that, even if it is not imaginary, the costs of changing the situation will prevent us from taking action.
(8) There is no negative side in the action to prevent climate change.
(1) committing(2) combat(3) issued(4) reduce(5) withdrawal(6) ratified(7) accounted(8) emissions(9) reached(12) proceed(13) secure(14) original(16) option(17) pressure(18) unanimous(19) revised(20) greenhouse5. Translation但是,一切都考虑进去了之后,那个长期的真正能够解决环境危机的方法却被所有的领导人忽视了.倘若不去调整我们的经济,我们将只能是绿化垂死的树上的个别叶子.我们的政府,和它的前任们一样,坚持认为持续增长的全球贸易理所当然是一件好事情.因此,政府给予了无数直接或间接的资助.这些资助只能使那些生产远距离出口商品的大公司获益:比方说,欧盟的要求使得这个国家不得不进口一些诸如牛奶之类的基本商品.这不仅殃及到了当地的经济,而且会造成一种局面:每一口普普通通的食物在抵达我们嘴边之前都要消耗掉数加仑的燃料.我们正在迅速地朝着美国现在所面临的难以维继的局面发展.在美国,每一盘普普通通的食物都穿越了长达1000多英里的旅程,这并不是聪明的经济,也不是一种很好的做法.
(1) As to the climate crisis, we are better off withaclean slate thanaweak proposal. Because once the proposal is made, politicians will close the climate chapter for some time.
(2) Shes cottoned on that her constant stomachache was caused by eating the smoked meat on offer last week at the local market.
(3) That superstar descended onasmall costal town, which was splashed across the front page of the local newspaper.
(4) His last0ditch effort to winaplace in the business world collapsed, which seemed frustrating. But it was also for the best. From the failure, he could learnalot.
(5) Parents lavish their love and care on their children. However, when they become old, some of them are condemned to live alone.
(6) The present political leaders of our country, in line with his predecessors, were wedded to the belief that we should not retreat in the action against corruption.
(7) The school dropouts in areas came back to school by courtesy of the subsidies from government and donations from the kind people.
(8) Under the effective organization of the local government, the damage caused by the flood has been watered down to the minimum.
(9) Superpowers forge ahead in economic development, leaving other countries far behind. But it doesnt necessarily follow that they have the final say in everything.
(10) At the end of the day the new executive is no better than his predecessor.
TextBHot Progress Makes Us Sick(1) In Belgium and the Netherlands, the avian flu was wiping out entire chicken farms. And even though Dutch farmers recently slaughtered 18 million birds in hopes of stopping the outbreak, the bird flu has spread to several provinces and jumped from poultry to pigs and even people, causing 83 human cases. The complaints of most infected people were eye inflammation and some developed respiratory illness.
(2) They didnt think so because smallpox was largely defeated and AIDS had never been heard nor dreamed of; and at that time medical science was advancing very fast.
(3) The ocean disturbance caused an unusually warm winter in the Southeast of America, which gave rise to an explosion of the mouse population that gaveafree ride to the hantavirus to be bad enough to infect human beings.
(4) In the 1980s, when the farmers in Venezuela cleared millions of acres of forest to create cropland, the arrival of more and more rodents new virus - into the region. It caused fever, shock and hemorrhaging, infecting more than 100 people and leavingathird of them dead. The lesson we should learn is that almost any activity that environment can enhance the mobility of microbes.
(5)Asimilar experience happened to Malaysian farmers in 1999 after they pushed back the forest to expand their operations. As barns replaced forestland, displaced fruit bats started living in the rafters, contaminating the pigs drinking water with the Nipah virus. The pigs developed an explosive cough that became known as the one0mile cough because it could be heard from so far away. The virus soon spread from the pigs to their keepers, causing extreme brain inflammation and killing 40 percent of the affected people. It resulted in eight farms closed andamillion pigs slaughtered.
(6) No, we cannot. Rain forests are not dangerous. The point is that human beings blindly rearrange ecosystems that can be hazardous to our health. Another such example is Lyme disease.
(7) The human AIDS viruses are descended from simian pathogens known as SIVs. HIV01 is virus, while HIV02 comes from the sooty mangabey (a monkey). The best suggestion to the current wide spread of AIDS is that African hunters contracted the chimp virus while butchering animals, and then passed it on through sexual contact. The reason why so many people have nowadays got AIDS is not justanew infectious agent of roads, cities and of social traditions, and the advent of blood banking and needle sharing.
(8) Human society has been progressing at an unprecedented clip with more and more comfortable life, helped with advanced science and technology. However, many subsequent disasters have told us thatalot of efforts to improve our life is at the expense of the law of nature, which, in turn, can make us sick. One impressive case mentioned by the author is the Malaysian pig farmers experience in 1999. After they started pushing back the forest to expand their operations, the fruit bats began to live in the rafters, contaminating the pigs drinking water withapathogen now known as Nipah virus, which soon spread from pigs to their keepers, killing 40 percent of the affected people.
(1) parade(2) scourge(3) virulent(5) harbored(6) sealed(7) bombarded(8) contracted(1) SARS may have been the most important topic in the newspapers last week, but it wasnt the only peculiar disease according to the report the World Health Organization had received.
(2) With the continuing manifestation of frightening new illnesses, we become more and more sure that human beings, in spite of our intelligence, are still under the control of the microbe.
(3) With smallpox largely defeated, no such thing as AIDS even imagined and medical science advancing fast, we thought human beings could defeat all microbes.
(4) We are not sure about every factor causing disease.
(5) Such accidents are sure to happen until someone stops the spreading of disease.
(6) These conditions practically decided HIVs wide spread, and they continue to quickly get every corner of the world infected by the originally unknown bugs.
(7) The number of travelers and speed of travel have both reached the highest degree.
(8) Nobody can predict how much we can achieve in this work.
虽然非典造成很大恐慌、但至少根据目前的形式看,它还不算是大范围的.这种致病的冠状病毒和其它流感病毒一样对人有威胁、可它的传播并不那么快.正如路易威尔大学进化学家保罗・爱华德指出:倘若不是每一个病人都传染几个人、这种流行病是不会长久的.他说:如果每一个非典病人都传染甚至两个人、那现在我们就会有成千上万的非典病人了. 一种致命的流感病毒充其量达到非典因子的毒性, 但它只会感染上一个房间所容纳的人数.
(1) Though difficulties kept on cropping up in his work, he still suceeded in finding this new element after solving all the problems.
(2) The train was moving at suchagood clip that one days travel brought him to the south with scorching sun from the northerm part of the country covered with white snow.
(3) The breakdown of the ships engine left them at the mercy of the rough sea.
(4) While seeking after their own profit, some companies ignore the farmer workers interest. Recently, the government has been bombarded with the complaints about delayed payment.
(5) With the bird flu emerging in some Asian countries, our government has placed the imported food under close surveillance.
TextBBasic Information about and Love(I)
(1) They cannot completely outgrow the convention. And they submit to marriage for the sake of public opinion.
(2) Marriage differs from the ordinary life insurance agreement only in that it is more binding, more exacting. Its returns are small compared with the investments. In taking out an insurance policy one pays for it in dollars and cents, always at liberty to discontinue payments. If, however, womans premium isahusband, she pays for it with her name, her privacy, her self0respect, her very life, until death doth part. Moreover, the marriage insurance condemns her to life0long dependency, to parasitism, to complete uselessness, individual as well as social.
(3) The statistics show the fact that marriage isafailure. First, every twelfth marriage ends in divorce; second, since 1870 divorces have increased from 28 to 73 for every hundred thousand population; third, adultery, sincas ground for divorce, has increased 270.8 percent; fourth, desertion increased 369.8 percent.
(4) The author thinks that Nora leaves her husband because she has come to know that for eight years she had lived withastranger and borne him children.
(5) It is the slavish acquiescence to mans superiority that has kept the marriage institution seemingly intact for so longaperiod.
(6) This is an irony. The author tries to tell us that the change in womens position is indeed extraordinary if we realize that it is onlyashort time since woman has entered the industrial arena. Six million women now are exploited, robbed, and they go on strike and starve like men. They have to work in every walk of life, from the highest brain work to the most difficult menial labor in the mines and on the railroad track, even detectives and policemen. Women are now doing the things that men used to do. But women dont get any benefit from being equal to men. Women are just equally exploited, robbed. Thats why surely the emancipation is complete is an irony.
(See teachers notes)
何谓女权主义据一般定义、女权主义是女性及其贡献得到重视的哲学.它建立在女性的社会,政治,经济权利平等基础之上.任何人、男人、女人、男孩,女孩,都可以成为女权主义者.女权主义也可被描述为一种运动,一场革命,在这种运动或革命中男人女人们希望世界平等无界.这种界线或障碍就是广为大家所知的针对性别、性取向,年龄,婚姻状况和经济状况的歧视和偏见.每个人都以他她自己的性别观和平等观来看待这个世界.女权主义者认为这个世界不平等.他们希望看到性别差异减小,男人优于女人的观念减退、并直至消失.
(1) Johnson was born in China and there he passed his childhood. Therefore, he is saturated in Chinese culture.
(2) How can you justify your rude behavior towards your parents who love you so much(3) He has grown up and has outgrown the adolescent bad habits of smoking and drinking.
(4) Any state should not interfere with the domestic affairs of other nations. This is especially true of great powers.
(5) As there is no money, they must content themselves with the simple life:asmall room, dry bread and plain boiled water.
Unit5TextAA Vision of Education in the Year 2010(1) The facilitator using interactive keypad technology is able to manage the discussions of on0 and off0site students.
(2) In the morning, evening; or on weekends.
(3) Because of the new educational models, students have online access to the Learning Centers resources every time.
(4) The relationship between parents and learning facilitators is close; they contact with each other via e0mail, telephone, or satellite; and their common desire is to provide the children with the best education possible.
(5) They will function as learning facilitators, coaches, mentors, and fellow learners, guiding the learning process in areas in which they may or may not be experts.
(6) The community will be more involved in education.
(1) meticulous(2) incentive(4) accommodate(5) agile(6) downsized(7) relevant(8) foster(1) And she may have an on0site meeting with an expert for practical help about her work at hand.
(2) In the past, capital investment was demanded for large buildings, but now it is used for smaller high technology facilities that can be obtained or reached by all children.
(3) The instructional design principle should be concentrated on creating learning activities based on students research tasks and projects that are connected with students and the community.
(4) Research in academic fields is demanded in order to put theory into practice. Scientific research is needed in order to make practical use of the knowledge obtained from advanced intelligent research in students learning.
(5) Very large school buildings will no longer be built. And existing buildings will be reduced and planned again for meeting the changing needs of students, who will spend much of their time on learning off0site.
(6) Funds, which are not spent on technology and subordinate installations, will be given to supply smaller educational facilities and provide all students with means of approaching computer networks via hand0held computers.
我们的计算机网络相当先进、不久就会使我们有机会和地方公司甚至其他大学共享我们的教学专长.一个专门服务于远程学习的中心已在酝酿之中.我们将越来越多地利用基于因特网的计算机课程,提高我们自己的教学水平,同时也使校外的学生有机会学习.这并不意味着计算机终端将会取代人、学生永远需要当场建议和高质量的面授.但这的确意味着我们可以逐步完善我们的教学课程,并使之以课本的形式让大家得到.就我们大学自身来讲,提供更多的入学机会将仍是我们的头等大事.
(1) At my friends suggestion, the room was converted fromasingle bedroom toabathroom.
(2) People always connect Xian with the Big Goose Pagoda and Terra0cotta Warriors and Horses.
(3) College students must have access toagood library, through which their knowledge and experience can be broadened.
(4) The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood waters, so that the river had burst its banks and flooded the houses by the river.
(5) Her success was largely due to her efforts. Also her parents words wereagreat encouragement to her.
TextBDont Police Plagiarism: Just Teach!
and Nationalism(1) According to state must rely upon pure ethnicity andaset of cultural and religious beliefs widely and deeply shared by those within its boundaries.
(2) is the root cause of terrorism. People who are are apt to turnahostile eye toward intruders. When some visitors engage in an act of criminal violence against the mainstream culture, many people just attitude, which is easy to initiate ethnic and racist hatred. Violence and terror thus arise.
(3) The word dichotomy is used here to describe the embarrassing situation of workers from other countries. They work cheap and without complaints for the construction of the country they are living in. In this respect, they are needed. But at the same time, they can never be accepted by the mainstream culture. They are still deemed as potentially dangerous.
(4) Because most terrorists inhabit or have inhabited states which claim that political society can be held together only byacommon ethnicity, religious belief, and cultural practice. And they dont criticize the nationalist ideal but attempt to become the new center of power and belief by annihilating those who once discriminated against or subjugated them.
(5) In the Middle East, geopolitical and economic considerations make U.S. support both Israeli democracy and the moderate state of Saudi Arabia. This kind of support intensifies destructive nationalism instead of guaranteeing economic and military security. Therefore, although the U.S didnt initiate crude forms of ethnic and racial hatred, it still in some way fuels terrorism.
(6) According to the author, to avoid terrorist action between different races and ethnic groups, it might be better for us to nurture cultural and democratic pluralism, in which people with different cultural and national heritage can live together peacefully and prosper together.
(1) nuance(2) dichotomy(3) provision(4) entrenched(5) mandate(6) annihilate(9) explicit(10) solvent(1) Although the war against terrorism is different from World War II, it has similarities in many present and past conflicts.
(2) the most serious sin of terrorism may be that it imitates or is even worse than the worst aspects of the cruel and unjust regime from which the terrorists appear.
(3) The United States didnt start the basic form of hatred between different ethnic groups which is the cause of terrorism, but it is not free from blame.
(4) Inside the country, U.S. leaders avoid offending religion that they dislike or disagree with.
(5) The Saudi regime still exists partly because it encourages the who are not satisfied with it to take the United States and Israel as an outlet to show political
(6) Without the reconstruction ofademocratic view like this,Iam afraid that civil wars within many states which pursue nationalism will last forever.
美国并未激起产生主义根源的原始的民族和种族仇恨,然而、美国也并不能完全脱离干系.在中东地区、基于地域和经济上的考虑使得美国不得不既支持以色列的民主形式,又支持沙特阿拉伯的温和立场.然而、这种支持更多地支持和加剧了灾难性的民族主义、而并没有使经济和军事上的安全得到保证.以色列对占领区的控制使得阿拉伯人越来越多地采取暴力手段.沙特之所以能够幸存下来部分上是由于政府总在默默地鼓励原教旨主义者把他们对国内政治的不满发泄在美国和以色列身上.在所有这些国家中、那些寻求一个在民族上和宗教上单一化的国家的人越来越多地操纵着政治.这个世界日益增加的危险又被作为向中东出口更多武器装备的借口,同时也被作为我们越来越多地采用民族化和武力的方法去解决安全问题的借口.要么是朋友要么是敌人.那些和我们的目的相背的人被认为是我们可能打击的目标.
(1) The increasing reliance of the third industry in big cities on guest workers isentrenched. Without legions of them to participate in the cities construction the development of many cities would grind toahalt.
(2) The development of economy mainly hinges on social stability. Therefore, the overwhelming issue at present is to maintain stability.
(3) An open international metropolis should be one with cultural pluralism, where people with different cultural backgrounds coexist peacefully and develop together.
(4) Due to drug abuse, he was detached from the people around him. Gradually, he embracedamoral revulsion towards drug abuse and was determined to give it up.
(5) He hasabig car,acountry house, and all the other trappings of success. But he was not at all happy.
(6) Some people turnahostile eye toward those who dissent from their view, which doesnt agree with what an open0minded person should do.
(7) Contrary to what he expected, he failed to be promoted this time. After returning to his home, he vented his anger on his wife.
(8) The American way of life is characterized by reverence for material abundance.
TextBIs Terrorisms Threat OverblownUnit 7TextAShould You Quit Work(1) The unexpected strong attachment to the new0born baby pushesamom to the dilemma-to quit work to take care of the baby or not(2) She returned to her job three months after her first child was born, but she could not stand hearing her baby crying at home even Therefore, she decided to go on staying with her baby for some time. She told her boss one month beforehand so that the boss would be well prepared for her leave when the time did come.
(3) Family experiences are very important toachilds future. In other words,amoms positive mood is very important to the development ofachild. If she is unhappy, her sadness and anger can negatively affect her interaction with her kids.
(4) Foramom considering quitting, she must be prepared to face the long0term, less0obvious security and other benefits that are based on lifetime earnings and contributions; raises and promotions according to ones working experience; family financial crises; .
(5) It means: For some people, to learn to be careful with every cent isaworthwhile practice.
(6) She did not think about this issue. She wanted to be home while her baby was young and she wanted to return to work eventually. So she managed to shape her own career.
(7) According to Shelly Labiner, leaving the workforce can affect ones self0image, for no one ever appreciates her work at home.
(8) Equally shared parenting can make everything go more smoothly for working women when their husbands are really willing to share the day0to0day responsibility foranew child.
(1) In my life, the first dayIleft my baby for work was almost the hardest experience.
(2) To me, to stop being with my baby seemed likeadisaster.
(3) If she is unhappy, her sadness and anger can drive her kids crazy too.
(4) Trouble is, most mothers experience emotional ups and downs for several months after giving birth.
(5) No matter where you work, if you take leave for whatever reason in the working life, your income will be deducted accordingly.
(6)Alot of womenIknow thought about this issue as either going on working without taking care of the baby or simply quitting work to stay with the baby ever since.
管理孩子没必要惩罚,强迫、强制或在严厉的气氛中进行. 孩子在轻松愉快的, 严格但又和蔼的气氛里可以学得更好.父母决定家庭气氛、所以父母对家庭气氛的好坏大有影响. 从正面教育入手, 孩子的表现会比我们预期的量和质都要好的多!虽然我并不认为孩子有问题就责备家长,但我确信我们家长对家庭的影响之大远远超出我们的意识.我们必须牢记这种影响、积极施展这种影响、而永远不要对孩子失望!
(1) She has left her job to take care of the baby, and, for better or worse, she cant afford to think of too much.
(2) His back0and0forth mental changes might be accounted for by his simultaneous physical problems.
(3) For some women, bearing children does not have to result to quit work to stay home with the baby or not.
(4) Everybody was amazed at her who began to run errands for her mother even when she was three years old.
(5) The performance of the art group attracted so many workers that the audience spilt over from the auditorium to the surrounding area.
TextBLeave No Parents BehindUnit 8TextALiving in an Automobile Culture
1.Reading comprehension (1) Part1(para. 1) Regardless of lots of problems caused by cars people still refuse to give up driving cars.
Part2(para. 20para. 9) Different aspects are explored to find out why people become so depend on driving.
Its difficult for people to change opinions but we have to persuade them to act responsibly to sustain the planet.
(2) The author aims to persuade people to give up driving through analyzing what lies behind peoples dependency on driving and highlighting the negative effects brought about by autos.
(3) The superficial reason is that American people are richer. The underlying reason is that the car and car0related companies want to make people dependent on cars so as to make more profit from selling more cars to people.
(4) If people choose to take streetcars, they will be out of business.
(5) Because people prefer to buy groceries in far away places; roadway looks more like race track each year; all these shows we are straining to make itanecessity.
(6) People drive cars atadangerous speed that cant be considered asapleasure.
(7) Because deep in peoples heart is the longing for cars.
(1) If we believe what happened on television and movies, each family hadahorse andawagon in the past. This is just the same culture as todays car culture.
(2) Obviously, the purpose of doing this is to make him unable to take care of himself and become dependent on others to the greatest degree.
(3)Ican cook delicious meal all on my own in 30 minutes with less money while doing other work.
(4) Henry Ford firmly believed each American family or each American would haveacar.
(5) Thats the reason that automobile, gasoline, and auto tire companies worked together secretly to destroy the streetcar lines.
(6) Since people are willing to drivealonger way to buy cheaper things local businesses gradually get out of business.
(7)Ican detect these motorists even thoughIcant hear them because they will try to stop suddenly atared light while of laws.
我承认改变个人的看法不是一件容易的事情.即使每个专家都同意地球升温是真实存在的,即使每个医生都告诉他的病人需要更多的锻炼,即使每条街道都限制汽车通行、即使所有地方的车速都减慢到每小时25英里、即使汽油税,停车费及其他赋税使得养护汽车的费用过于昂贵,美国人还是会继续热爱并擦亮他们的汽车.普通的,实用的,方便的有如自行车一样的交通工具永远无法走进他们的心扉.他们在内心会永远热切地渴望那巨大的,尾部突起的,耗油的,鲜粉红色的1959款的卡迪拉克汽车.而且、他们会永远怨恨我们了他们的乐趣.
(1) Bad weather and car trouble conspired to ruin our vacation.
(2) He completely ignored all these facts as though they never existed.
(3)Apolitician must project himself if he wants to win an election.
(4) The south refused to give the slaves , and in the end the North waged war on the South.
(5) Young as he is, he leads his class in physics.
TextBCars, Culture, Concrete, and End of the Space Age(1) From the previous paragraphs, we have seen people have began to be weary of the space program. But we still continue to launch satellites and establish space stations which the general public now are not so happy with. So when we carry out space programs, we have to deceive our true feeling and put up with these things which we are not happy with great patience.
(2) By saying this, the author wants to convey that no matter how developed technology is and no matter how far we go into space, we are just primitive men, not physically suited to travel and live in space. We cannot change our body with technology to adapt to the conditions in space.
(3) In sentence2,the author compares establishing the first base on the moon to chucking tin cans across the back yard. By making this comparison, the author wants to show that humans effort and power are feeble compared with their grand dream of cosmic conquest.
(4) Ascension Island is an Island in the South Atlantic. But here in this paragraph, its meaning is more than that. The original meaning of ascension is coming up. So here, the author wants to say that people consider the moon asamidway station in their space journey, serving asabase for them to make further exploration.
(5) The author wants to show the excitement of the Apollo Astronauts. When they saw the earth in space, they were moved and marveled at the creation of nature and realized the preciousness of our home planet.
(6) Gradually, our aspiration for outer space was redirected toward discovering ourselves and showing more concern toward things on this earth.
(1) Tributes(3) purveyor(5) coincide(6) legacy(7) entail(8) chuck(9) prefigure(10) permeated(1) This everyday lack of attention to the fate of the Columbia is worthwhile for us to make some comments, particularly because considering the general ignorance about the mission, the great deal of exaggerated statements seems unfit and incongruous.
(2) When confronted with disaster, it seems we were all made to longing for the space age, which actually disappeared long ago.
(3) The message contained in their books was that space exploration was natural to human beings just like it is natural forachild to run around on his own legs according to the expression of one space expert.
(4) People who tried to search for hidden meanings began to talk excitedly about the existence of one global soul.
(5) The space age, expressed inadifferent way, took effect upon the earth which nurtured the interest for space. That is to say, peoples interest in space was replaced by peoples rediscovery of earth.
(6) Following the failure of Columbia, what all this predicts is still there, waiting for us to understand.
然而、在那些见证了太空时代的逝去的所有里程碑式的事件当中、有着许多令人担忧的事情、或许最为令人担忧的是1969年在尼尔・阿姆斯特朗和布兹・阿尔德林首次登上月球后的头几分钟.诺曼・米勒在休斯敦等待目睹鹰号的着陆,他记录了当他看到们从电视直播车里蜂拥而出的那一激动瞬间,他说自己简直难以置信.已经厌倦了印印脚印和旗帜,他们不再有耐心去等着看尼尔和布兹蹦跳着搜集岩石了.对于太空项目的厌倦就那样悄然来临.
(1) Previous problems remain unsolved in the wake of the war. Over and above, deep enmity has set in between two civilizations.
(2) One of the lasting legacies of this activity is that it gave usasingular insight into the preciousness of the good environment.
(3) First and foremost, in the face of hyperbolic tributes, we should never be proud. Only by doing this, can we triumph over difficulties for greater success.
(4) The reporters came in droves to welcome the hero returning home with high praise. In the face of flowers and applause, he waxed eloquent excitedly about his space trip.
(5) Surrounded by the mountains, he marveled at the transcendental beauty of nature, totally oblivious of the secular unhappiness.
(6) Whatapity his arrival coincided with our departure!
(7) Not willing to hang around and only indulge himself in past success, he decided to embark onanew career.
(8) We sat entranced by her beauty, not realizing the hidden import of her words.
(9) What the whole incident portends is still up for grabs.
TextBBuilding on Our Space Science the Love of Language(1) Paige Arbeiter was 10 months old when it was found that she was nearly deaf in both ears. Most people the parents told said that she would be just fine because the hearing problem was found so early in her age. But the parents learned they had missedavery important period in her speech and language. Thanks toacochlear implant and speech therapy, Paige now proudly counts to 10, but her overall language proficiency remains that ofatoddler.
(2) During the third trimester of pregnancy, many mothers notice that their babies kick and wiggle in response to music or loud noises. The sound of speech may drawaless spirited reaction, but there is little question that fetuses hear it.
(3) Anyone bombarded byaparticular language hears certain sound combinations more often than others, and babies are quick to home in on the most probable combinations. And long before they could attach meaning to words, these kids were processing them as discrete units.
(4) It is the syllables and more important the dead0on rhythms and the patterns of intonation that make babbling so speechlike.
(5) Toddlers learn to combine words according to abstract rules that no one has taught them.
(6) No. that isnt all. Recent studies suggest there is much more to the storythat children actively seek out abstract grammatical rules.
(7) Some suspect SLI is an disorder, in which the brain fails to distinguish properly among the brief blasts of sound that encode language. Other experts believe SLI is at disorder.
(8) Some serious language problems can often be prevented today. Some expert says that ifanewborns hearing impairment is diagnosed and treated within six months, the child usually develops normal speech and language on schedule. But because the critical period for language development is so brief, any delay can have major consequences.
语言学习策略是语言学习者用来加强新信息的获取,储存,保留,回忆和使用的有意识的(通常情况)步骤或行为.学习策略可以多种不同方式评估,比如日记,大声说出思考过程,观察和调查.无论语言领域之外的研究还是对语言学习者的调查都经常表明,最成功的学习者常常使用与阅读材料,任务,读者自己的目标,需求和学习相适应的学习策略.学习能力强的比弱的看起来在更大量的情况下使用范围更大的策略,但策略的使用和学习能力之间的关系很复杂.研究表明任何水平的语言学习者都应用策略,但有些或者大多数学习者并没有完全意识到他们使用的策略是什么,也没有意识到可应用的最有益的策略是什么.
(1) The conflict boils down to the different ways in which eastern and western people express their love.
(2) The government begins to seek out public opinions about inheritance tax.
(3) The presidents speech homing in on anti0terrorism receivedafar from warm response in Germany and France.
(4) Some experts argue that mother tongue learning is not analogous to second language acquisition at all.
(5) The younger generation hasastrong propensity for instant gratification, wanting it all and wanting it fast.
TextBTeaching Reading inaForeign Dignity and Moral Identity(1) sanctified(2) dignity(3) mocking(4) accommodate(5) conducts(6) advocacy(7) priority(8) remedy(1) We are able to best understand the holiness of our humanity when we admit that our existence does not spring from ourselves. And there is no exception to our parents and grandparents.
(2) Refusal to accept our biological humanity (born sex) does not agree with the concept of social stability, nor agree with the deep and rich history of our nation.
(3) When we understand that these things are not related to our inborn dignity, we become free from that concern.
(4)Idont believe that our forefathers expected that this site would be used to argue whether, asamatter of public policy, it is unfair for taxpayers not to pay for sex0change operations.
(5) They declared they would certainly act against their own sex by changing it.
(6) This is completely wrong.
(7) My opponent also suggested that Americas working places should allow for their cross0dressing and other expressions of their dislike of their sexual identity.
正如我们所看到的, 当燃料, 食品或家用必需品供应减少时,人们就把它们储备起来以确保他们维持正常生活,而不管邻居会怎样缺乏. 当大的跨国组织不满足他们的利润时,他们就和竞争者们合并成更大的集团,以至政府都顺服他们的需要、同时我们谈论的民主决定也变得毫无意义.在医疗保健方面,医生和病人都要提高治愈率. 当这种要求过高时,用药率上升,副作用的几率也随之加大.若懂得适可而止,所有的危机就都可以避免了.
(1) Denials of our biological humanity are not implicit in the concept of ordered liberty nor are they reflective of the deep and rich history of our nation.
(2) Dignity does not come fromarevolt against our inherent human
(3) To his great surprise, his speech should provoke mockery among the audience.
(4) The people having on internal battle with sexual identity suggested that their working places accommodate their cross0dressing and other expressions.
(5) The introduction of subjective standards as to the definition of gender is not conducive to maintaining social stability.
TextBMorality Is the Basis of of Boyish Behavior(1) thor wants to reveal the trend of increasing fear of violence and crimes; Also she wants to point out the present misleading education system in America.
(2) They are the behavior of: disregarding of authority, snide comments in class, pushing other kids around and playing hooky, fidgety, impulsiveness, disruptive, etc(3) Americans obsessive fear of crime; the current school system; increasing narrow road to success for young people.
(4) According to the author, this can be explained by the biological factors of the child.
(5) She first listsafew of the basic facts about the trend. the trend is mainly discussed in paragraphs 1-6. Then, she proposes the causes in paragraphsand 13 to explain intolerance of boyish behavior.
(6) This last paragraph tells the reader that the evaluation ofasuccessful person has changed.
2.Vocabulary (2) trekked(3) supple(4) goodfed off(7) Boys will rush around the house and break the inherited family properties. They will try to change any cube0like object intoalaser weapon, which has eight settings from stun to vaporize.
(2) If the boys are noisy and inadisorder at the same time, they will be stopped very soon.
(3) Unlessachild suffers the disease so seriously that he will continue to do what he is doing until he falls asleep in an improper place like , he wont be regarded as suffering ADHD.
(4) Now, ifaboy cannot manage to finish his college education asaminimum, the vast market withatense competition in economic world will surely overwhelm him and lead him to nowhere.
4.Cloze 人们说,英雄是超凡之人、他们因具备常人所没有的伟大品格或卓越能力而令我们崇拜.英雄包括政治和宗教领袖,运动员,电影明星和音乐家.然而、现在许多人却说他们心中没有英雄.当今领袖杰的政治人物们很少县的超凡脱俗,即使有、业是凤毛麟角.在当今世界上,面对着爱刺探打听的们和电视时代的公众,任何人都似乎很难成为英雄.
随着英雄的逝去,那么,还有谁让我们敬佩呢现代语言中的流行词是偶像,他们的行为被模仿,但却并不一定是英勇的或崇高的.运动员继续被其狂热支持者们视为偶像.那些承受了经济压力挽救美国工业庙宇崩溃的商界领袖们也被视为偶像.
1. These public facilities will benefit the whole town.
2. He was branded for taking part in the demonstration.
3. They were afraid to complain about the noise lest they annoyed the people next door.
4. They went at the job as if their lives depend on it.
of Delinquency

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