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八十八年观光游乐服务业-游乐场(区)业调查系针对台湾地...

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摘要八十八年观光游乐服务业-游乐场(区)业调查系针对台湾地区游乐场(区)概况进行全查.调查方式分采问卷调查及举办焦点座谈会方式进行、调查重点为游乐场(区)之基本资料,实质环境、市场需求状况,经营管理,财务状况,天灾影响及未来发展计画等七大主题展开现况调查.
调查报告内容包含量化及质化之调查结果,量化方面依序陈述调查结果之基本统计分析,历年趋势分析,相关分析及重要指标分析,质化方面则整理焦点座谈访谈内容及问卷调查开放性题项部份,最後由量化及质化之调查结果导出结论与建议.
壹、基本资料本次调查母体总数为117家,扣除1家拒访,共计完成116份问卷.
一、在受访业者所在地区分布、以北部地区所占比例最高,占34.5;其次为中部地区及南部地区各占27.6,东部地区仅占10.3.自然赏景型,动物展示型以南部为多,北部地区则以综合游乐园型和乡野活动型为大,海滨游憩型则以北部与南部为多,文化育乐型则以北部及中部最多.
二、开幕时间上,约有45.8%之游乐场(区)成立於民国70~79年间,於民国80年以後开幕者则占36.4.自然赏景型,综合游乐园型,文化育乐型之游乐园区多是以民国70至79年为多,海滨游憩型则以民国80年以後者居首,动物展示型,乡野活动型则以民国70至79年,民国80年以後两者为多.
三、登记资本额方面,差异相当大,登记资本额系以300万至未满1,000万居多(21.8%),其次以1亿至未满3亿(17.9%)及300万以下(16.7%)之业者较多.自然赏景型,文化育乐型资本额多在万元以及1-3亿元者、综合游乐园型则以300万元以下以及3亿元以上为多,海滨游憩型则以3亿元以上居首,动物展示型,乡野活动型则以1,000~2,500万元为多.
四、在组织型态上,42.2%为公司组织,独资次之18.1,财团法人、社团法人则较少.
贰,实质环境
一、交通状况主要道路路宽多在6~10公尺(50.4%),大部分游客到不同园区使用之交通工具多是小客车(52.9%),其次为游览车(29.0%);而海滨游憩型之游乐园区则是除小客车外,以机车为主要交通工具.
二、土地使用(一)各园区基地规模差异很大,公营风景游乐区面积较民营游乐园大(平均为368公顷,中位数20公顷),约为民营游乐园(平均为34.8公顷,中位数14公顷)的10.5倍.
(二)己开发面积主要集中於39.8公顷以下(占78%),平均己开发面积为38.2公顷.自然赏景型园区开发程度为所有类型中最高者.
(三)各类设施面积中陆域设施有15.0公顷(中位数4.0公顷),水域设施17.7公顷(中位数2.0公顷),停车场2.1公顷(中位数1.7公顷),住宿设施2.3公顷(中位数1.2公顷).
三、土地权属总体环境以公有地居多,民营则以私有地为多;除综合游乐园型以及乡野活动型二者游乐区以自有土地居多外,其馀类型仍是以公有地居多.公有地平均为151公顷,自有土地平均面积为25.2公顷,他人拥有土地面积平均为14.5公顷.
四、设施状况(一)经营类型以自然赏景型最多(53.4%),综合游乐园型(12.1%)次之,其它为文化育乐型(10.3%),海滨游憩型(8.6%),动物展示型(7.8%),乡野活动型(7.8%).
(二)游乐设施陆域游憩设施以徒步区比例最高(84.3%),水域设施以戏水区(60.5%)最高,陆域机械游乐设施以投币式电动骑乘设施(62.9%)最多,空域设施方面,以滑翔翼(36.4%)最多.
(三)服务性及营利性设施大部分公民营园区皆有餐饮服务,高达91.4%之园区设有餐饮服务设施,其中以中餐厅之容纳量最大(517人)、美食广场次之(210人)、再其次为速食餐厅(210人)、西餐厅(175人)以及点心饮料摊(12个摊位).以经营类型区分则以综合游乐园区的中餐厅容纳量最高,海滨游憩型最低.
另外,有97%的游乐区设有停车场、其停车容纳量大客车平均可容纳63辆,小客车平均可容纳454辆.在住宿设施上,以露营区容纳量最大(912人)、其次为旅馆(240人)、再其次为渡假小屋(208人)、会议厅部分,平均每一园区有2厅.
(四)环境保护措施
1.污废水处理以简易的化粪池处理最多(65.8%),其次是二级污水设备(21.9%),没有任何污水处理设备之园区占12.3.
2.垃圾处理方式以政府垃圾车运送方式处理比例最高(42.6%),平日及假日平均垃圾量各为0.6公吨及1.7公吨.
3.有85.2%的园区使用垃圾分类处理之方式.
4.自来水饮用水设施普及率达67.7,公共电话及公共厕所设置率分别达97.4%及95.7,平均设置数量分别为6台及44式.
参,市场需求状况
一、周休二日之分析从营业收入结构方面发现,门票费、收费游乐设施费收入呈现下滑的趋势,而停车费、住宿费及餐饮费则有成长的状况,显示目前利用住宿及餐饮设施增加收入者有小幅上升的倾向,可能与隔周休二日制度实施有关,因为外宿人口较之前增加.不过由问卷中之住房率比较发现,88年之住房率(包含淡旺季及平假日)皆较86年微幅降低;而在平均停留时间方面,停留在二天以上者也并无大幅增加.综合以上结果发现,在87年开始实施隔周休二日後、民众至游乐园区过夜的比率虽有上升但是成长幅度不大,与一般认为会有大量人潮之预期有落差.
二、921之影响针对民国87,88年每月之游客人数来观察,可观察出这两年每月的游客人数皆呈现衰退的现象.长期来看,二月,六月及七月之游客人数呈现持平稳定的现象;而九月至十月受921地震的影响、游客人数则呈现减少的倾向.而在87,88年每季游客人数之比较发现,87,88年前三季之成长幅度大致相同、不过在第四季表现上,87年呈现微幅成长,不过在88年则是下跌之情形,显然受921影响而造成游客人数下降.本次调查中、发现有24家业者停业或是暂停歇业,无法列入调查,其中有半数(12家)是位於中部地区、情况远比其他地区惨重.此外,观察921受灾最为严重之中部地区、可发现其游客人数在921之後明显下降、10月份仅有5696人次.而看88年四地区之比较、中部地区仍是游客最少之区域
三、游客人数分析整体而言、民国87年与民国88年台湾地区游乐园区之总游客数估计分别为3,479万人与2,578万人.而民国87与88年的游客总人数,平均有30.7万人与25.7万人、88年游客数明显下降、且87年与88年之游客量最低峰有所不同、87年在六月份,88年则份.
四、游客属性分析以25至44岁之青壮年(30%)与13至24岁之青少年(23%)为游客之主干.在经营类型中、综合游乐园型以及海滨游憩型却是以青少年为主,动物展示型则最受孩童青睐.
五、游客来源分析国际观光客比例约占1.0,就游客组成而言、个人游客(53%)略高於团体游客(47%).
四、停留时间停留时间以半天以上而不到一天者的比例最高(49%),其次为二小时至半天(25%).
肆,经营管理
一、员工管理(一)员工组成:民国88年台湾地区游乐园区之常雇员工总人数估计约6仟7佰人、员工组成以游乐设施服务人员最多(平均15人)、其次为餐饮服务人员(平均11人).淡旺季临时员工皆以游乐设施服务人员居多.
(二)员工薪资:主管级以每月3万至4万之园区(29.6%)为最多,以餐饮,住宿服务人员(54.7%),清洁美化人员(34.6%),职员(47.1%)每月2万至3万之薪资为最少.
(三)员工训练方式:以自己办理之园区占78.3%最多,没有实施之园区有19.8.
(四)聘用遭遇之问题:约有45.6%之园区在员工聘用有遭遇问题.第一重要问题是请不到专业人才、第二及第三重要问题是薪资及福利不吸引人及经费不足;而此三项为公民营以及各种类型游乐区认为最为重要之问题.
二、市场行销以透过媒体广告之方式为主(91.9%),并以报纸居多(77.5%);其次为自发文宣(60.4%).
三、营业日(时)数全年平均营业日数为336天,每日营业时数约在12个小时左右.
四、收费方式及标准门票收费方式采一票到底者(64.6%)较多,而全票平均为227元.停车费(小客车)大都以计次方式(49.5%)或不收费者(48.6%)者为多.
五、营运方式游乐设施(65.2%),活动表演企划(45.2%),商品贩卖(70.4%),餐饮(67.8%),住宿会议(64.3%),修理维护(83.5%)及清洁美化(89.6%)等皆以园区自行营运居多.
六、投资状况游乐区累积土地投资金额分布甚广,1亿至3亿元占23.5%最多,其次为300万以下占17.3.累积设备投资额以1亿至3亿元占29.9%最多,7亿元以上次之,占14.9.
七、救难系统
73.0%的园区有紧急救难支援系统,且一年举行二次以上消防演练之园区占41.0,不定期演练意外事故之园区占36.6.另外,在其他紧急救难支援系统上,有特约医院者占73.2%最多.而安全维护设施中、以备有灭火器(100.0%),急救箱(95.6%)及紧急照明系统(85.0%)者居多.
八、保险方面有81.4%的园区有投保、主要包括有公共意外责任险及游客平安保险二种、受益人以游客居多.
伍、财务状况
一、公营游乐园区台湾地区所有公营游乐区之总营业收入额估计约为10.5亿元、而平均营业收入总额为4,071万元.而其营业收入结构,以门票占62%为最高,其次为住宿设施之13,再其次为餐饮收入的7.民国88年公营游乐场(区)之总营业支出额大约为21.04亿元、而平均营运支出总额平均为8,096万元、其营业成本结构,以人事费为最高(占49%),其次为维护费(占19%),而以税捐比例(占2%)为最低.
二、民营游乐园区民国88年台湾地区所有民营游乐区之总营业收入额估计约为76.5亿元、而平均营业收入总额为8,508万元.而其收入结构比例,以门票42%为最高,住宿设施17%次之,再其次为餐饮收入的16.民国88年民营游乐场(区)之总营业支出额估计约为84.05亿元、而平均营运支出总额为9,339万元.而其支出结构比例,以人事费支出占的比例较高(33%),其次为餐饮成本支出(10%).另外,在纳税结构上,以营业税最高,约44,营利事业所得税次之,占17,再其次为地价税,占13.
陆,天然灾害影响
一、天然灾害之类型游乐区最常遭遇的天灾以豪雨所占比例最高有55.7,其次为台风有39.1,再其次为地震有3.5.所遭遇的天灾中损失金额、以台风所占之比例为最高有46.1,其次为豪雨占33.0,再其次为地震占16.5.园区最近一次所遭育之天灾以地震所占比例最高有51.3,其次为台风占23.5,再者为豪雨占20.0.除遭遇天灾之外,使园区单月营业额较前一年同期减少二成以上之因素以断电占46.8%最高,其次为金融风暴占33.9,再其次为主要联外道路中断占20.2,而电讯中断及断水分别占9.2%及1.8.
二、天然灾害之影响游乐区最近一次遭遇天灾後半年内与上一年同期游客总人数比较以大约持平所占比例最高有24.5,其次为减少超过五成但不及八成有23.6,再其次为减少超过二成但不及五成有20.0;然而、以灾後半年内营业收入与上一年同期比较来看,减少超过二成但不及五成所占比例最高有25.9,其次为大约持平有24.1,再其次为减少超过五成但不及八成有23.1.
游乐区因921(含1022嘉义)地震所造成之设施损失总金额以50万元以下者占64.8%最高.游乐区因921(含1022嘉义)地震所造成之歇业天数以照常营业不受影响者占72.3%最高;然而、有73.6%的园区表示游客来访意愿下降.
游乐区在921(含1022嘉义)地震後对未来计画投资之金额以维持原投资金额占43.6%最高,其次为暂不投资占35.5;灾後复建经费平均为1,601万元.
三、防灾相关设施与投资计画游乐区开业至今累计投资於防灾相关设施之金额以50万元以下者占36.8%最高,其次为100万元至未满300万元占20.8,显示业者防灾相关设施之投资金额参差不齐.
未来三年计画投资於防灾相关设施之金额则以没有投资打算占30.6%最高,其次为100万元至未满500万元占20.4,显示未来三年计画投资於防灾相关设施之金额在500万元以下者约占六成八.
柒,未来发展计画
一、民营园区未来三年之投资发展计划有44.0%业者表示有投资发展之计划,其计划内容以开发住宿会议设施者为最多(77.5%),其次为交通设施(60.0%),服务设施(57.5%)等.
二、三年内主要发展目标有38.4%之业者将『维持现状』,有21.2%之业者将『视未来发展趋势而定』,而有17.2%之业者将『以主题园为开发目标』,有10.0%之业者将『以综合游乐园为开发目标』,有6.1%之业者将『以单一游憩设施或活动为开发目标』,显示各业者之发展目标差异颇大.
三、对投资环境前景看法对未来一年内(至民国九十年底止) 我国观光游乐业短期的投资环境前景的看法,有45家(41.7%)认为『有待观察,伺机而动』,有42家(38.9%)的业者认为『乐观,进行投资计画』,有12家(11.1%)认为『堪虞,不值得再投资』,而有9家(8.3%)认为『不知道』,显示业者对短期投资环境前景持保守态度者(含认为堪虞及有待观察者)占多数(52.8%).
对未来三年(民国九十二年)以後我国观光游乐业长期的投资环境前景的看法,有50家(45.9%)认为『有待观察,伺机而动』,有42家(38.5%)的业者认为『乐观,进行投资计画』,有9家(8.3%)认为『堪虞,不值得再投资』,而有8家(7.3%)认为『不知道』,显示业者对长期投资环境前景持保守态度者(含认为堪虞及有待观察者)占多数(54.2%).
AbstractThe 1999 Tourism Industrial Park (Scenic Area) survey on the current status of amusement parks and scenic areas in Taiwan. Both questionnaire survey and focus group interviewing have been adopted as the primary research approaches, and the research incorporates seven key points: Basic Information, Location and Surroundings, Market Demand, Administration and Management, Financial Standing, Impact of Natural Disasters, and Plans for Future Development.
Contents of subject research include both quantitative and qualitative results. The quantitative sector illustrates in their order analysis on basic statistics, review on historical trends, analysis on major indexes, and other related surveys and studies. The qualitative sector, on the other hand, concentrates on the focus group interview and the open-ended questions of the questionnaire survey. Quantitative and qualitative research results are consulted to come up with the conclusions and suggestions.
I. BASIC INFORMATIONThe population of subject research is composed of 117 amusement and scenic parks. One of them declined the interview; subject research has obtainedatotal of 116 eligible responding units.
i. In terms of geographical distribution, 34.5% of the interviewed amusement and scenic parts are located in Northern Taiwan; 27.6% each in Central and Southern Taiwan, and 10.3% in Eastern Taiwan. Southern Taiwan hostsagrater number of parks based on natural beauty and animal exhibition and wildlife. Most of the parks based on amusement facilities and country activities are located in Northern Taiwan. parks highlighting coastal recreations are most likely to be found in Northern and Southern Taiwan while those known for their cultural and educational values are mostly located in Northern and Central Taiwan.
ii. In terms of their grand opening year, 45.8% of the interviewed amusement and scenic parks started formal operation during the decade from 1981 to1990, and 36.4% were opened after 1991. Most of the parks based on natural beauty, amusement facilities, and values were opened during the decade from 1981 to 1990. On the other hand, those opened after 1991 form the largest group in the category of parks highlighting coastal recreations. Most of the parks focusing on animal exhibition and wildlife and country activities had their grand opening during the decade from 1981 to 1990 and after 1991.
iii. Results of the survey on capital report considerable differences. 21.8% of the interviewed amusement and scenic parks are in the NT~bracket; 17.9% in the NT~bracket, and 16.7% in the Parks based on natural beauty and cultural and educational values are mostly in the NT~and the NT~brackets. Parks relying on amusement facilities are mostly in the the part of parks highlighting coastal recreations falls in the parks based on animal and country activities are mostly in the NT~bracket.
iv. In terms of organizational structure, 42.2% of the interviewed amusement and scenic parks are companies and 18.1% established through sole Onlyalimited number of the interviewed amusement and scenic parks is run by non-profit organizations.
II. LOCATION SURROUNDINGSi. Transportation Accessibility -Road width of the major traffic routes is mostly in the range of 6~10 meters (50.4% of the interviewed amusement and scenic parks rely on traffic routes with this range of road width). Cars (small vehicles) are the most popular mean of transportation (52.9%), followed by bus (29.0%). However, it should be noted that the trip to amusement parks highlighting coastal recreations relies on cars as well as motorcycles.
1. The interviewed parks report considerable differences in the size of their park areas. Generally scenic area claimsaland area (average 368 hectares withamedian of 20 hectares) approximately 10.5 times larger than that ofaprivate amusement park. (average 38.2 hectares withamedian of 14 hectares).
2. 78% of the interviewed parks land area under 39.8 hectares; average developed land area reads 38.2 hectares. Parks based on natural beauty report the highest degree of development among all major types of parks.
3. Ground facilities take up an average of 1.50 hectares (withamedian of 4.0 hectares), water facilities an average of 17.7 hectares (withamedian of 2.0 hectares), parking lot an average of 2.1 hectares (withamedian of 1.7 hectares), and lodging facilities an average of 2.3 hectares (withamedian of 1.2 hectares).
iii. Land Ownership land lots claim the greatest part of the total land area of Taiwans parks. Private parks, however, tend to be located on private-owned land lots. Parks based on amusement facilities and country activities stand mostly on private-owned land while other types of parks tend to find their roots in land area. Average land area reads 151 hectares, private land area 25.2 hectares (owned by the park or the company itself) and 14.5 hectares (owned by someone other than the park of the company).
iv. Park Facilities -
1. Park Nature:
53.4% of the interviewed parks attracts visitors with their natural beauty; 12.1% with amusement facilities; 10.3% with cultural and educational values; 8.6% with coastal recreation; 7.8% with animal exhibition and wildlife; and another 7.8% with country activities.
2. Major Facilities:
Hikingwalking area is the most popular among ground facilities (84.3%); swimming pool the most popular among water facilities (60.5%); token rides the most popular ground mechanical facilities (62.9%), and glider the most popular among air facilities (36.4%).
3. Major Service Business Facilities:
Most of the parks in Taiwan, not matter owned by the public or private sector, provide food services. 91.4% of the interviewed parks provide food services. Capacity of Chinese restaurant is the largest (average 517 guests), followed respectively by food court (210 guests), fast food restaurant (210 guests), Western-style restaurant (175 guests), and snack and beverage stands (12 stands). Capacity of Chinese restaurant reports the highest inapark based on amusement facilities and the lowest inapark highlighting coastal recreations.
97% of the interviewed parks host parking lot with an average capacity for 63 buses and 454 cars (small vehicles). In terms of lodging facilities, campsite boasts the largest capacity (average 912 guests), followed respectively by hotel (240 guests) and holiday cottage (208 guests). The survey further shows that there is an average of two conference halls (rooms) in each of the interviewed parks
4. Environmental Facilities:
(1). Simple septic tank is the most frequently used waste water treatment facility (65.8%); followed by secondary waste water treatment facility (21.9%). 12.3% of the interviewed parks set up no waste water treatment facility.
% of the interviewed parks rely on garbage trucks from local government to process their solid waste disposal. Average volume of solid waste reports 0.6 ton on weekdays and 1.7 tons on weekends and holidays.
% of the interviewed parks practice garbage assortment.
(4). Popularity rate of water facilities reaches 67.7. Installation rates of pay phones and public lavatories are respectively 97.4% and 95.7. Each of the interviewed parks claims an average of six pay phones and 44 toilets.
III. MARKET DEMANDi. Influence of the Working Schedule -In terms of income structure, incomes generated by park admission and charged amusement facilities have betrayed decline while those produced by parking, lodging, and dinning services have been on the rise. The trend indicatesaslow upward movement of the incomes generated by lodging and food services, andareason for this increase is the implementation of the working schedule that has boosted up the number of visitors staying overnight at parks. Results of the survey, however, suggest that occupancy rates in 1999 (those during the slack and peak seasons, weekdays, weekends, and holidays) were lower than those in 1997. There has neither been any significant growth in the number of visitors staying at an park for over two days. To sum up, implementation of the working schedule in 1998 does bring about growth in the number of visitors staying overnight park. The growth is nonetheless too modest to fit in the general expectation of the positive influence of the new working schedule on local tourism.
ii. Impact of tharthquake -In comparison with the previous year, the number of visitors by month in 1999. The number of visitors in February, June, and July tends to stay fairly stable while an obvious decline can be detected in the post-9.21 earthquake September and October. The number of visitors increase during the first three quarters of 1998 as well as in 1999. However, the number of visitors continued to grow in the fourth quarter in 1998 while tharthquake causedadrastic decline in the number of visitors during the fourth quarter in 1999. The present survey has identified 24 amusement and scenic parks in either permanent or temporary business suspension, and half of them (12) are located in Central Taiwan, the major disaster area of tharthquake. In Central Taiwan, the number of visitors to amusement and scenic parks showedadrastic fall after tharthquake; there were only 5,696 visitors in October 1999. Indeed, Central Taiwan attracted the least number of visitors in 1999.
iii. Volume of Visitors -The total number of visitors to parks in Taiwan reported 1998 and 1999. The average number of visitors per park read 1998 and 1999. The volume of visitors betrays an obvious decline in 1999. The slackest season in terms of visitor volume occurred in June in 1998 and October in 1999 (right after tharthquake).
iv. Breakdown of Visitors by Age -30% of the visitors to local parks fall in the 25~44 age group while 23% are teenagers in the 13~24 age group. Parks highlighting amusement facilities and coastal recreations tend to find their target customers in local teenagers while parks based on animal exhibition and wildlife are favorite of children.
v. Source of Visitors -Foreign visitors account onlyameager 1.0% of the total number of visitors to local parks. 53% are individual visitors, and 47% group visitors.
vi. Length of Stay -49% of the visitors stay in the park for 0.5~1 day; 25% of them stay for two hours to halfaday.
IV. PARK MANAGEMENT Management of Human Resources -
1. Employee Structure:
The total number of permanent employees of local parks operating entertainment facilities form the largest group in employee structure (average 15 employees), followed by those in charge of food services (11 employees). No matter in peak or slack season, temporary workers are usually hired to handle entertainment facilities.
2. Salary Restructure:
29.6% of the interviewed parks pay their salary of NT30,000~Food and lodging service staff (54.7%), sanitation personnel (34.6%), and general administrative staff (47.1%) receive the lowest monthly salary of NT20,000~30,000.
3. Employee Training:
78.3% of the interviewed parks organize and conduct employee training by themselves while 19.8% of them provide no training for their employees.
4. Recruitment Issue:
45.6% of the interviewed amusement and scenic parks have experienced problems in staff recruitment. Regardless of their type and nature (public or private), all the interviewed parks have identified the following three major problems in staff recruitment: lack of professionals, absence of attractive salary and benefits, and insufficiency in operating funds.
ii. Marketing Strategy -
91.9% of the interviewed parks employ media commercials and advertisement for business promotion. Newspaper is the most widely used media (77.5%), followed by brochures and booklets distributed by the parks themselves (60.4%).
iii. Business Hours -Local parks open an average of 336 days per year and 12 hours per business day.
iv. Admission Ticket Other Fees -A great part (64.6%) of the interviewed parks adopts the POP (Pay-On-Price) admission system;aPOP adult ticket costs an average of NT227. Parking is either charged by flat rate per car (49.5%) or fr%).
v. Business Operation -Entertainment facilities (65.2%), performance and activities (45.2%), gift shop (70.4%), food and beverage services (67.8%), meeting and lodging facilities (64.3%), facility maintenance (83.5%), cleaning and sanitation services (89.6%) are all mostly operated and managed by the park themselves.
vi. Investment -
23.5% of the interviewed parks have invested NT100~300 million on land; 17.3% have invested less than NT% of the interviewed parks have invested NT100~300 million on equipment and facilities; 14.9% have invested more than NT700 million.
vii. Emergency Management System -
73.0% of the interviewed parks have built up emergency management and assistance system, and 41.0% of them hold fire-fighting drills at least twiceayear. 36.6% conduct emergency and accident management drills at irregular intervals. 73.2% of the interviewed parks cover contracted hospitals in their emergency management and assistance system.
viii. Insurance -
81.4% of the interviewed parks are insured; public accident and liability and visitor safety are two of the most popular type of insurances. Beneficiaries are mostly visitors to the park.
V. FINANCIAL STATUSi. Public Parks -The total operating incomes of public parks in Taiwan reported approximately NT1.05 billion in 1999; the average operating income per park read NTAdmission fees accounted for the largest part (62%) of the total operating incomes, followed respectively by lodging (13%) and food (7%) services. On the other hand, the total operating costs of public parks in Taiwan reported approximately NT2,104 million in 1999 with an average operating income per park of 80.96 million. Personnel expenses accounted for the largest part (49%) of the total operating costs, followed by the 19% of maintenance costs. Tax payment rounded up the smallest part (2%) of the total operating incomes.
ii. Private Parks -The total operating incomes of private parks in Taiwan reported approximately NT7.65 billion in 1999; the average operating income per park read NTAdmission fees accounted for 42% of the total operating incomes, followed respectively by the 17% of lodging service, and the 16% of food services. On the other hand, the total operating costs of private parks in Taiwan reported approximately NT8,405 million in 1999 with an average operating cost per park of NT93.39 million. Personnel expenses accounted for 33% of the total operating costs, followed respectively by the 10% of food service. In Moreover, business tax accounted for 44% of the total tax expenses, followed respectively by business income tax (17%) and land value tax (13%).
VI. IMPACTS OF NATURAL DISASTERSi. Major Type of Natural Disasters -
55.7% of the interviewed parks have suffered torrential rain, 39.1% by typhoon, and 3.5% by earthquake. Typhoon accounts for 46.1% of the total damages caused by natural disasters; torrential rain 33.0, and earthquake 16.5. In their last encounter with natural disaster, 51.3% of the interviewed parks suffered earthquake, 23.5% typhoon, and 20.0% torrential rain. In addition to natural disasters, power cut (46.8%), financial storm (33.9%), road blockage (20.2%), communications suspension (9.2%), and water supply cutoff (1.8%) were all regarded as reasons causinga20% drop in monthly sales value.
ii. Impacts of Natural Disasters -Comparing the volume of visitors during the six months within the last natural disaster to the volume of visitors during the same period the previous year, 24.5% of the interviewed parks found no obvious difference while 23.6% experienceda50~80% drop and 20.0% sawa20~50% decline. Comparing the sales value during the six months within the last natural disaster to the sales value during the same period the previous year, 25.9% of the interviewed parks experienceda20~50% decline while 24.1% found no obvious difference and 23.1% suffereda50~80% drop.
A survey on the damage caused by tharthquake (including thone in Chiayi area) finds that 64.8% of the interviewed parks sufferedaloss less than NTand 72.3% of them saw no need to suspend their business operation. However, 73.6% of them did find the reason for local consumers thwarted willingness to visit.
In reaction against the impacts of tharthquake (including thone in Chiayi area), 43.6% of the interviewed parks would maintain the originally planned investment size without making any change; 35.5% have decided to suspend their investments. The average reconstruction costs report NTiii. Investment in Emergency Protection Management -
36.8% of the interviewed parks have invested so far less than NTon emergency protection and management facilities and 20.8% NT~Results of the survey show considerable differences in the amount of investments spent on emergency protection and management facilities.
30.6% of the interviewed parks entertain no plan for investment in emergency protection and management in the next three years. 20.4% will spend in the next three years NT~on their emergency protection and management. 68% have made plans for investment in the next three years, but the investment will not exceed NT VII. PLAN FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTi. Plan in the Next Three Years -
44.0% of the interviewed parks have made plans for further investment and development. 77.5% of the will focus on lodging and convention facilities, 60.0% on transportation and 57.5% on service facilities.
ii. Three-Year Development Objective -
38.4% of the interviewed parks would keep up their current status without venturing into further development; 21.2% will initiate further development in accordance with the market trend and business performance. 17.2% will move toward the goal of becomingatheme park; 10.0% will work actively to becomeageneral amusement park; and 6.1% will focus onasingle recreational activity or facility. It is then clear that local parks envision several different prospects in the next three years.
iii. Views on Current Investment Environment and Future Development -In terms of their views on the short-term (from the present to the end of 2001) investment environment and business development%) interviewed parks think further observations needed for mov%) interviewed parks find the prospect rather optimistic and promising for further investments%) worry about the future and suggest suspension of any further investment%) have no idea. About 52.8% of the interviewed parks holdareserved attitude toward the industrys short-term prospect (including those who are worried and those who think further observations needed).
In terms of their views on the industrys investment environment and business performance in the next three years%) of the interviewed amusement and scenic parks think further observations needed for mov%) interviewed parks find the prospect fairly optimistic and promising for further investments%) worry about the future and suggest no further investment%) are uncertain about the industrys prospect. About 54.2% of the interviewed parks holdarather reserved attitude toward the industrys long-term prospect (including those who are worried and those who thin further observations needed).

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